The article discusses the problems of globalization of the world economy. The conceptual essence of this process is revealed. The positive and negative sides of globalization and its impact on fisheries management and, first of all, on industrial fishing are analyzed. The features of globalization at the micro- and macroeconomic levels are considered. Global problems of the present were discussed-news. It is shown that the contradictions of globalization and the global problems of modernity predetermine the most diverse, sometimes diametrically opposite, estimates and forecasts. Different researchers consider them from different positions, interpret the very essence of globalization, its origins and features of development differently.

The article discusses the problems of natural rent and rental relations in the extrac- tion of natural raw materials from a historical perspective: from physiocrats to the present. The rea- sons for the emergence and disappearance of natural rent are substantiated. The growth of the rental potential of natural resources for the period from the XVIII to the XXI century is analyzed. Methods of calculating natural rent in planned and market economies are discussed. Particular importance is given to the discussion of the value of fishing rent. The analysis of the growth of the world natural rent and quasi-rent in the world economy for the years 1960-2000 is given. Conclusions are drawn about the continuing importance of the theory of natural rent in the economy, which increases over time due to the development of scientific and technological progress, population growth and the reduction of natural resources.

In recent decades, a special vulnerability of the Caspian Sea ecosystem has been observed, which is exposed to the influence of large-scale anthropogenic impact. At the same time, the Caspian Sea is a unique ecosystem known for its numerous aquatic inhabitants. The most pressing problem of the basin remains the preservation of biological resources and the restoration of commercial Caspian fish stocks. Due to the limited number of studies on the reproductive system of different fish species under the conditions of probable influence of toxicants contained in the reservoirs of the Dagestan part of the Middle Caspian Sea, it was important to evaluate these features in commercial fish species of the carp, catfish, perch and pike families of the analyzed region during the last 20 years.
Complex studies in ecological-morphohistological and physiological directions at different levels (macroand microscopic) have shown that any disturbances in the morphology of reproductive systems of individuals of the analyzed fish species of the Caspian Sea (families of Carp, Pike, Catfish and Perch) can bring deep and irreversible changes in their structure and functioning. In the process of adaptation of fish individuals to new habitat conditions, profound changes occur in gametogenesis and gonadogenesis, in the passage of sexual cycles, in the rhythm of reproduction and in the ecology of spawning. The study of different parts of the reproductive cycle in fish species with different ecology, from different systematic groups, combining cellular, organ, organismal and population levels of research, showed that all parts of the reproductive cycle are closely interrelated; changes in one of these parts, caused by different conditions, are inextricably linked to changes in adjacent parts of the cycle.
Analysis of possible ways of fish adaptation to the changed conditions of reproduction in the studied water bodies after their reconstruction showed that the most frequent way of evolutionary transformations in different parts of the reproductive process is a change in the rate of development of reproductive glands and products of their activity (oocytes and spermatozoa) and the organism as a whole, which is reflected in the rate of reproduction of populations in the reconstructed water bodies of the Dagestan part of the Middle Caspian Sea. 

Information is given about the need to study the biological and ecological features of the manifestation of fish diseases when teaching the course «Fish diseases», in connection with the new conditions of industrial fish farming.

The concept and characteristics of a «flag of convenience», the history of the emergence and use of such flags in marine fishing are considered in the article. Statistics on the use of «flags of convenience» are provided, and international legal aspects of nationality and registration of sea vessels are explored. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the requirements regarding the existence of a genuine link between the State and the ship, established by international law. The negative consequences of the use of «flags of convenience» in marine fisheries have been noted, and proposals have been developed for the adoption of international legal measures aimed at preventing such negative results.

The formation and dynamics of the pollock stock in the modern period are considered, and a brief analysis of its fishing in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk is also given. According to the results of the scientific trawl survey of 2023, the size and age characteristics and the value of the total pollock stock are presented, indicating its high level in the North Okhotsk and West Kamchatka subzones.

The current state of natural reproduction of Atlantic salmon in small rivers of the White Sea basin located in the Murmansk region is considered. As a result of hydro construction and uncontrolled fishing the rivers have lost their former commercial importance. Densities of young salmon are extremely low, and in some places there are no young salmon, which indicates an ex- tremely unsatisfactory state of reproduction. The situation can be remedied by the application of a set of measures: artificial reproduction, involvement of interested organizations and strength- ening of conservation measures.

Based on the data collected in 2022-2023 in the Kizlyar Bay of the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea, the biological indicators of silver carp, carp, rudd, bream are considered. It is shown that the groupings of these species in the bay under consideration are in a stable condition and their fishing does not cause concern.

Today, laboratory practice has a rich arsenal of methods for dynamic control over the course of pathological processes in the body of fish. Quantitative indicators of blood leukocytes and, especially, indicators of its leukocyte formula are important re-search methods in the diagnosis of a wide variety of pathological conditions. To objectively assess these results, a number of indicators have now been proposed that determine the course of pathological processes in the body, but these indicators are not used in real fisheries science and aquaculture.
The purpose of our study was to study the dynamics of integral hematological indices of fish against the background of chronic experimental intoxication.
As a result of the research, it was found that the use of hematological indices in fish can provide additional information about the course of the toxic process, including the course of pathological processes of other etiology. It was revealed that the deter-mination of integral leukocyte indices can be an addition or alternative to complex immunological and biochemical studies. 

The design features and scientific equipment of modern foreign vessels for fishing research, which entered service in 2022-2023 are considered. Information was analyzed for 12 regional vessels with an average maximum length of just under 40 m. Their main characteristics are summarized in a table. Two groups of vessels have been identified – both using traditional diesel-geared propeller drives and types of electric propulsion. The characteristic features of the deck-laboratory system and standard scientific equipment of ships are considered. The results of the analysis draw attention to current trends in the development of RV propulsion-energy systems for fisheries purposes.

The paper analyses the way to restore Russian cooperation with the countries of the African continent, based on the experience of the Pioneer Base of the Oceanic Fishing Fleet (PBOFF). The potential of joint operation of small-tonnage fishing vessels in the coastal waters of African countries, joint shipbuilding and ship repair activities are being considered. The possibility of introducing small-tonnage fishing vessels into coastal and economic zones is much higher than that of vessels with a length of 55 m and longer. The construction and operation of small vessels is less expensive.

The article presents the chronology of standardization of granular salmon caviar, which is classified as a gourmet product and is a traditional Russian brand. Changes in the requirements of standards for the quality of finished products from 1942 to the present are shown.

Modern indicators for the quality of granular salmon caviar have been determined in accordance with which the current standards will update the requirements for granular salmon caviar, ensuring its quality and safety for the life and health of consumers. The developed documents will be used as an evidence base for compliance with the mandatory requirements of technical regulations of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. It is noted that the modernization of standards for granular salmon caviar based on modern safety requirements and consumer properties is a key factor in increasing its quality and competitiveness. By regulating in the document the organoleptic characteristics of granular salmon caviar of different varieties that are distinguished by their attractiveness to the buyer, the standards guide manufacturers to produce high-quality products.

The production of fish oils is associated with a number of environmental issues. The problem of the fishing industry is the processing of low-grade semi-finished fish oils with an acid number of over 20 units. Traditional cleaning of such semi-finished products is unprofitable. The issue of using soap water flows after refining semi-finished fish products with an alkali solution remains unresolved. It is also necessary to determine ways of rational use of pollutants extracted from industrial effluents during flotation treatment – fatty foam masses. Solving these environmental issues will increase the efficiency of fish oil production and reduce its negative impact on the environment. The purpose of the study was to determine the possible directions for the rational use of these fatty objects. These objects are a source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids. Therefore, they should be considered as a secondary material resource for obtaining technical products for various purposes.