The study analyzes the main trends in the development of domestic exports to international fish and seafood markets. The key economic indicators of the Russian fishing industry are considered, characterizing the industry as a steadily developing system in modern political and economic conditions. The role of strategic regulations in the development of domestic fish products by export-oriented companies of the Russian fisheries complex is noted. An assessment of investments in export projects, the structure of investments in fixed capital in the fishing industry and long-term development prospects are presented. Directions for increasing the potential of Russian fish and seafood exports are presented.
Due to differences in operating conditions, the economic results of fisheries in the Murmansk region up to 2013 and in 2014-2022 in the seas of the Western Arctic are considered. Conclusions are made about the impact of high export and domestic prices in Russia, as well as the depreciation of the ruble against the US dollar, on the economic efficiency of fisheries.
The paper presents research data on the distribution of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) biomass by the depth of its habitat, as well as the relationship of this distribution with biotic factors. The results underlying this article were obtained during trawl studies conducted in the Sea of Okhotsk in 2019. It was shown that the herring distribution is bimodal with peaks at depths of up to 20 meters and 90-100 meters. It was found that ≈ 70% of the total herring biomass in the summer-autumn period occurs at depths of up to 90 meters, and 29% of the remaining biomass occurs in the range of 90-210 meters. Herring was not found deeper than 410 meters. Based on the breaks in the graphs of the biological diversity parameters (Shannon index – H) and the ratio of the logarithms LgS / LgE obtained by the SHE method and for trawl stations distributed along the depth gradient, approximate boundaries of the distribution of fish biocenoses (biofacies) by habitat depth were established: from 0 to 13-15 meters, from 15 to 46-48 meters, from 48 to 121-123 meters, from 123 to 192-194 meters, then up to 250-252 meters. At the same time, it was found that herring is represented in three biofacies with a sufficient share of its biomass. It was suggested that herring is in neutralism or protocooperation with such species as liparis ochotensis and raven goby, northern atka mackerel, and in competition or predation with such species as pollock.
The article presents the results of an analysis of the organization of industrial production of terpuges in the North Kuril and South Kuril zones, including a study of the dynamics of changes in the volumes of ODE and catch volumes, the composition of “miners” according to established and distributed types of quotas from 2020 to 2023.
The article presents the results of an analysis of the industrial development of the industrial object – macruruses in the West Bering Sea zone with a study of changes in the volume of ODES, catch volumes, including catch volumes by distributed types of quotas, the composition of users from 2020 to 2023.
In the northern part of the Caspian Sea, bullhead species belong to numerous fish populations and are food items for the Caspian seal, the only mammal of the Caspian Sea. Consideration of the trace element composition of the main components of the Caspian seal’s diet will allow for a better assessment of the migration of trace elements in trophic chains and their accumulation in the mammalian body. In addition, according to S.A. Gutsulyak and L.M. Vasilyeva [6] in the conditions of active development of oil and gas fields, bychkovye, which do not make long-term migrations, can act as a bioindicator characterizing the environmental situation in the proposed oil production areas. The aim of the work is to identify the specific features of the accumulation of heavy metals in fish of the Gobiidae family as forage organisms of the Caspian seal. The excess of permissible residual concentrations of Mn, Co, Pb and Cd was revealed in the objects of the study. It was noted that Benthophilus macrocephalus, in comparison with other representatives of the Gobiidae family, was the accumulator of most chemical elements (Mn, Pb and Cd), and Neogobius melanostomus was Cu and Cr. The studied species of forage organisms are able to influence the degree of accumulation of heavy metals by the body of the Caspian seal.
The article uses the example of calculating the recommended catch (RV) of gammarids for 2021-2023 in the inland waters of the Tyumen region to compare the actual values of the fishing stock in the year of the forecast and the calculated ones performed by two different methods currently used. Based on the current procedure for submitting a forecast for the region as a whole, the issues of choosing the areas for assessing the gammarid stock are discussed. Criteria for selecting lakes for monitoring the state of gammarid stocks are discussed. The reasons for overestimation/underestimation of the forecast in the case of using the five-component method to calculate the forecast of RV gammarides are considered. When making RV forecasts, it is proposed to use the direct calculation method with averaging of gammarid biomass in model reservoirs three years before making the forecast and to calculate the average fishing area for the same years.
The article examines commercial (pasture) fish farming of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792) in the context of private salmon farming in the Magadan Region.
The article presents data on the number of chum salmon juveniles released from a non-state fish farm over 5 years in comparison with federal-level fish farms located in the Magadan Region.
Juvenile sturgeon fish species raised in hatcheries and released into natural habitats are characterized by a low commercial return. This is often due to the small size of the fish being released, which in turn encourages the fish farming community to release larger sized fish. Prolonged sturgeon farming entails anthropogenic impact and the manifestation of morphological changes. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to determine the morphological changes in juvenile Russian sturgeon caused by various biotic and abiotic factors, with an intensive method of rearing in small ponds. During the study, 60 specimens of juvenile Russian sturgeon were studied, taken from 6 sturgeon hatcheries located in the Astrakhan region. During the experiment, it was proven that the location of the plant, inbreeding of the broodstock, the natural food supply of the ponds, as well as the hydrochemistry of water are important factors in fish breeding, and also have a great influence on the growth, development, mass accumulation and exterior indices of sturgeon fish species.
Due to the ongoing intensive fishing of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, its artificial reproduction followed by the release of juveniles is the optimal strategy for the restoration and maintenance of commercial stocks. Evaluation of the effectiveness of such measures is possible using genetic markers such as microsatellite loci. In the course of our work, we were able to identify direct genetic links between mothers and descendants of the red king crab during the first stage of work on genetic profiling of juveniles in conditions of artificial breeding. Thus, we can assess the contribution of each maternal individual to the genetic characteristics of the population released into the natural conditions of the Peter the Great Bay.
The paper presents the results of the experiment in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 60 g., conducted on the basis of the fish hatchery enterprise LLC Raduzhny in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The fish were raised in pools (30×4×1,5 m) with running water supply, 30 l/sec. The probiotic “Bacifolin A” was added to the experimental group at the rate of 1 g per kg of feed. At all stages of the study, the superiority of the juveniles in the experimental group in weight by 7,3-10,3% was established. At the end of the experiment, the average excess was 7,7%. In the third week of using the probiotic, a significant increase in the survival rate of juveniles in the experimental group was noted (P ≤ 0,05).The increase in revenue in the experimental group amounted to 671,5 rub./m2.
The results of growing Boganid palia in factory conditions for three years are presented. The fish were kept in plastic pools on spring water at seasonal temperature fluctuations from 5 to 8 °C. The average body weight of fish aged 2 and 3 years were similar to the indicators of the same-age palia of their native reservoir. The growth rate in factory conditions depended on the planting density and the level of variability in body weight. The effectiveness of sorting at different stages of cultivation is shown. Palia’s survival rate over the entire follow-up period was 89%. The results obtained can be used in the cultivation of char in aquaculture.
The Akiba ringed seal is one of the most numerous and widespread species of common seals in the Arctic Yakutia, where their catch is not a productive economic activity of the local population. However, the products that can be obtained from the seal fishery (fat, meat, skin) play a significant role in the semi-subsistence economy of the population of Yakutia. The lack of economically sound technology for the production of socially important pinniped processing products hinders the development and growth of this type of fishery. Our research has shown that the FA composition of the fat from the Akiba ringed seal caught in the Arctic Yakutia is represented by 20 fatty acids, which determine the biological value of the fatty raw material from its integumentary blubber. It was found that there are 2.6 times more unsaturated FAs than saturated ones. Ringed seal fats contain eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which belong to the omega-3 PUFA family and play an important role in the creation of cell membranes and their functioning. In this regard, PUFAs omega-3 fatty acids are essential substances for the functioning of the human body. Oleic acid (omega-9), which is an oncoprotector, was found in ringed seal fat. The biotechnology of melting fat from the sebum of the ringed seal (Akiba), the process of enriching it with Biologically active substances in the production of liquid-phase dietary supplements with PUFA omega-3, omega-6 and Vitamins A, D3 and E, as well as the manufacture of a capsule form of dietary supplements "Akibol" were presented.
In the modern world, pastes with a short shelf life are widely represented on the market, which makes it possible to develop a technology for sterilized fish pastes with a long shelf life.
This article provides a definition of the sterilizing effect for "fish pastes with mustard sauce" and "fish pastes with tomato sauce", definitions of organoleptic evaluation and physico-chemical parameters after sterilization.
High abundance of jellyfish, as well as its high regenerative and reproductive capacity, are severely detrimental to the economy of coastal regions. For this reason jellyfish is presently considered to be a promising source of raw material, and the investigation into its processing methods is of great salience. This study has been aimed at the derivation of protein hydrolysate from the Black and Azov Sea jellyfish Rhizostoma рulmo (barrel jellyfish), which would include low molecular weight peptide fractions characterized by antioxidant properties. For enzymatic hydrolysate derivation, dry jellyfish was used. Enzymatic modification was conducted using alcalase and flavourzyme. Free amino acids of the hydrolysate contained all essential amino acids, among which leucine and lysine prevailed. Protein fractions of the hydrolysate with the molecular mass lower then 8.7 kDa amounted to 70%, and the share of protein fractions with the molecular mass lower than 4.5 kDa was 47.2%. The hydrolysate inhibition of DPPH radicals was around 63–74%. High content of peptide structures with molecular masses lower than 8.7 kDa gives the basis to consider the Azov and Black Sea jellyfish Rh. рulmo as promising source of biologically active peptides providing mitigation of oxidative stress.
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