In accordance with the "Strategy for the Development of the Fisheries complex of the Russian Federation until 2030", it is planned to significantly increase the Russian catch outside its own exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The most promising for this are the commercial resources of krill in the Atlantic part of Antarctica and horse mackerel in the South Pacific Ocean [1; 9].

These areas were discovered and studied by Russian scientists and fishermen. For more than 15 years (until 1993) of the former USSR/In the Russian Federation, large-scale fishing was conducted there year-round. In parallel, complex commercial and oceanological studies were carried out, according to the results of which databases and knowledge bases on the scale and mechanisms of the influence of oceanological conditions on interannual changes in the biomass and distribution of krill and mackerel were created in the Atlantic Branch of VNIRO (AtlantNIRO).

At present, modern oceanological measurements are widely used in commercial oceanological research: scanning of the ocean surface in various frequency ranges from artificial Earth satellites and the results of vertical sounding of the ocean to depths of about 2000 m by drifting buoys of the international Argo project.

The purpose of the article is to present the results of the use of modern oceanological information in commercial oceanological research, to develop on this basis new approaches to the management of krill and mackerel stocks.

The paper deals with the issues of improving the quality of education at the university. The authors presented the results of the organization of the educational work of the Dalrybvtuz Maritime Institute for the training of specialists for the fishing fleet. The article provides information on educational training programs, the distribution of the admission of applicants and the release of bachelors and specialists in the areas of training, the implementation of the results of graduate qualification works, the demand for graduates. The prospects for improving the organization of teaching and educational work to improve the quality of education are considered.

The reasons for the extensive development of domestic mariculture over the past half century are considered. The main problems with the sale of grown shellfish and algae have been identified due to the lack of modern processing equipment and the possibility of the release of food and feed products. The biological potential and prospects of sustainable development of industrial mariculture based on the creation of regional clusters and integrated waste-free processing of cultivated hydrobionts are discussed.

The article deals with the international legal problems of the protection of sea turtles. The analysis of existing conventions is given in detail; the content of the national legislation of a number of countries on the conservation of sea turtles is outlined. The contribution of the Russian Federation to the struggle for the conservation of sea turtles is shown.

The history of the study and fishing of the angulatus strigun crab, which lives in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, is considered. Based on the materials collected in 2000-2020, the course of fishing and catching of this object is analyzed. It is shown that the prospects for the industrial development of this valuable object in the coming years do not cause concerns.

The age, size, weight and sex structure of the population of pike perch foraging near the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea is shown. The significance of the studied sites for foraging migrations of pike perch is noted. he analysis of the biological indicators of the pike perch showed that the pike perch of the Tersk-Caspian region is an integral part of a single Volga population, going to spawn both in the rivers of the Dagestan coast (Terek river, Sulak river, etc.) and in the rivers flowing into the northern part of the Caspian Sea (Volga River, Ural River).

Over the past millennia, the Sea of Azov has undergone a number of very significant changes in the hydrological regime, salinity, and boundaries of biological communities. An increase in the salinity of the waters of the Azov Sea up to 15 ‰ was noted many times. This suggests that the current "record" salinity levels from a historical point of view are not extreme. According to forecasts of changes in the level of the World Ocean, one should expect another transgression and intensive pontization of the Sea of Azov. This creates the preconditions for a long-term forecast of a change in the basic fishing objects in the Sea of Azov from a group of pontic relicts to Mediterranean invaders and introduced species.

The population biomass, fishing mortality dynamics and reference points of the rational exploitation of the Black-Azov sea shad during the period 2004-2020 were evaluated using the JABBA surplus production model in “catch-only” version. IUU estimation and preliminary parametrization by CMSY model was performed to improve assessment accuracy. According to the model output, during the 2004-2020 period shad stock biomass was in interval 1315-1341 t, fishing mortality in range 0,03-0,38. During the implementation and review of model results there was 3 period of shad stock status identified: 2004-2009 – the period of moderate shad stock recovery (from 1315 tons to 3347 tons), 2010-2013 – the period of stable stock status (at the level of 3300-3400 tons), 2014-2020 – the period of moderate reduction of the fishing stock biomass (from 3353 tons to 1791 tons). The moderate reduction of the fishing stock biomass in period 2014-2020 is due to a moderate increase in the level of fishing mortality. Currently, since 2018, there was a moderate trend of increasing fishing mortality above the level of target exploitation, leads to moderate reduction in the stock biomass (in 2020 fells below the target exploitation first time). According to the authors, one of the main reason of human activity, that leads to shad stock biomass reduction is a IUU fisheries. Authors note that there are actions required to annihilate the illegal, unregistered and unreported fisheries of the Black-Azov Sea shad.

Caspian trout is an arctic immigrant, endemic, and is a subspecies of bull-trout that lives in the northern waters of the Russian Federation. There are three fish populations in the Caspian: Kura, Terek and Samur. Kura is the most numerous population, in contrast to Terek and Samur. [6] separated the Terek and Samur populations of bulltrout into a separate subspecies, calling it the Ciscaucasian bull-trout (Salmo trutta ciscaucasicus). Consequently, two subspecies of the northern and Kura bull-trout Salmo trutta currently live in the Caspian basin. The third subspecies, described by Berg, lives in the alpine lake Eisenam, with an area of 160 hectares (Lake Andean). The lake was formed as a result of a landslide, with a maximum depth of 75m. The lake is drainless and its isolation from the numerous inflows of the Sulak River is stable. As a result of landslides, there are a lot of cases of lake formation. In 1905. as a result of a landslide in the upper reaches of the Samur River at an altitude of about 2000 m above sea level, a lake was formed. Dzheneh, and the lake trout was a permanent inhabitant here, which was described by D.Z. Demin as Salmo trutta caspius Kessler morphalacustris. At the same time, it is important to consider the Ciscaucasian bulltrout, lake and river trout of Dagestan, as a unified reproduction fund of the Sulak River. Currently, the Samur population of Terek bull-trout is bred at the Primorsk Experimental Fish Hatchery, which has certain production capacities and about 50 thousand units of this fish juveniles with a piece weight of 3-5g were produced in 2020. It is impossible to catch breeders of the Ciscaucasian bull-trout in the required quantities, since this representative belongs to the first category of species in the Red Book of the Russian Federation - and the entire volume of reared and released larvae and juveniles comes from the factory broodstock.

Sulak is the second largest river in terms of water content, and there is no information in the historical literature on the visit and breeding of the Ciscaucasian bull-trout in this river, although brook and lake trout live in the upper reaches of all inflows and lakes in proportion to the feeding capacity of the reservoir, and here the obstruction in the middle reaches of the river can be explained. Hence, it follows that the stocks of the Ciscaucasian bull-trout in the Caspian decreased due to the lack of conditions for the migration of trout to the Caspian and contrariwise. Considering the Ciscaucasian trout, brook and lake trout, as a unified reproduction fund, there is no doubt that with the increase in the capacity of fish farms, it is necessary to intensify work on the commercial cultivation of trout with their subsequent release into the lower reaches of the Terek, Sulak, Samur rivers and other watercourses of the republic. Trout is considered to be plastic fish. There are known facts of transformation of brook trout, i.e. non-passable forms into anadromous form – bull-trout and vice versa.

The migration of the Caspian Ciscaucasian bull-trout in various rivers takes place within wide temperature ranges and covers a significant period of time. So, the course of the bull-trout in the river Terek usually started in autumn (September) and lasted all winter. There are summer, spring, autumn and winter races of bull-trout in the Caspian sea. Ciscaucasian bull-trout of Samur River is locally called "samurbalyk". Ciscaucasian bull-trout is a predatory fish and by increasing fish-breeding processes there is an opportunity to achieve historically known indicators. The number of stocks of this fish should play the role of an ecological balancer of the Caspian ecosystem, being the fourth link in the food chain in this reservoir and at the same time developing commercial cultivation of brook trout with the subsequent release of its juveniles into the Caspian basin.

The cultivation of muksun at a high temperature (exceeding the normal temperature for the whitefish) caused deviations in physiology, however did not significantly affect the growth and survival. The content of vitamin C and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega 3 type sharply decreased. Two-year-old whitefish showed accumulation of fat in the liver and an increased hepatosomatic index; the haemoglobin content decreased. In some fish, the latter indicator decreased to 20-30 g/L, bearing in mind the normal range of 70-110 g/L. Such deviations observed in the physiology of the fish receiving both experimental and imported feeds indicate stimulation of lipid peroxidation at an increased temperature and weakening of antioxidant system.

The paper considers two nonlinear phenomena studied in the framework of the theory of catastrophes, which are present in the practice of the fleet and relate to various aspects of logistics - energy recovery due to the "soliton" thrust of the body and the formal image of the current impact of the covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. Their correspondence to the catastrophes of folding and assembly is shown.

The paper scientifically substantiates the use of LED lighting for use in the saury fishery, which uses the calculated spectra of LEDs in the blue spectrum, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of vision in saury. The proposed lighting systems will reduce the cost of light emission by 7-9 times, and will reduce fuel costs and, accordingly, reduce the carbon component (CO₂ emissions) on domestic fishing vessels.

The paper deals with issues related to improving the efficiency of the trawl fishing of the Far Eastern sardine-ivasi by optimizing trawl systems. A trawl fishing system with a flexible spacer is considered. A method of controlling a trawl system with flexible spacers and the most effective method of equipping a trawl system is proposed, which allows you to bring the trawl into the upper layers of water and hold it to produce differentiated trawling.

The paper considers the problems arising in the trawl fishery for Pacific squid and suggests ways to solve them. The necessity of using flexible spacers (GRU) for horizontal opening of trawls when working on difficult soils and for stable output of the trawl system to the surface is shown. The ease of control of the trawl system with the GRU is shown in contrast to the trawl systems with boards. To ensure a large horizontal opening of the trawl and reduce drag, it was proposed to use multi-wall trawls. According to calculations, the proposed trawl sys-tems will reduce fuel costs by 1.7-2 times and, accordingly, will reduce the carbon component (CO₂ emissions).

The purpose of scientific research was to form the taste and aroma of fish semi-finished products and culinary products. The objects of research in the development of the formulation and technology of model minced fish were: pollock, onion, eggs, milk or water, and powdered products were used as a biologically active additive: flour from buckwheat, corn, rice, wheat, amaranth, almonds, flax, chickpeas, spirulina and dill for cooking cutlets. Combinations of basic raw materials and additives were selected by the method of experiment planning. This made it possible to create a product that best meets the needs of the child's body in terms of nutritional value and calorie content. Butter was used as a plasticizing additive. The use of additives of plant origin makes it possible to stabilize the functional and technological properties of raw materials, increase the biological value, emphasize the organoleptic characteristics of finished products, reduce the content of biogenic amines in semi-finished products and dishes.