The establishment of uniform conversion coefficients for the production of products from aquatic biological resources is one of the important measures to regulate the fishing of a joint stock of aquatic biological resources within the framework of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission (RNFC), since the reliability of the calculation of the actual catch of aquatic biological resources depends on their objectivity. In order to develop common Russian-Norwegian conversion coefficients for products from the joint reserves of the Barents and Norwegian Seas, a Working Group (WG) on Conversion Coefficients was established in 1993 as part of the Permanent Russian-Norwegian Committee on Fisheries Management and Control (PRNK). This paper summarizes the results of joint Russian-Norwegian research on measurements and calculations of uniform conversion coefficients in the production of various types of products from jointly managed reserves of aquatic biological resources of the Barents and Norwegian Seas in the period from 1993 to 2021.As a result of the conducted research, it has been developed «Joint Russian-Norwegian technical description of products from jointly managed reserves of the Barents and Norwegian Seas». 

This article presents the results of the 5th stage of R&D No.361-1/21 (ROSRID No. 122050400136-6) preliminary tests of hybrid reagentless technologies for improving the quality of return waters for the hydroecology of biotechnical fish farming ecosystems - BRE (USV and SOV) based on a single light and sound field, performed on the basis of experimental pressure hull and submersible (channel) of a pressure-free type (UFUZ), conducted at an existing cold-water aquaculture fish hatchery. Qualitative normative fish farming indicators were monitored: chromaticity, turbidity, BPK₅, BPKF, permanganate oxidizability. The hydroecological well-being of industrial BRE was assessed according to a complex indicator of the harmfulness of the device (technology) in terms of purpose. It is shown that a scientifically based and practically proven power balance and the correct selection of the light and sound field can form either a technological hazard or the safety of devices with hybrid aquatechnology.

Since the beginning of the restructuring of the economy and its transition to market conditions, Russian politicians have demonstrated amazing lack of freedom and independence in making fateful decisions for the country. This style was also inherent in fisheries policy, where the opposing parties had “what to do” (to charge for aquatic biological resources, distribute quotas at fish auctions, provide fishermen with tax benefits and government subsidies, etc.) or “what not to do” (not to take, not to distribute, not to deliver) As a rule, there was foreign experience. At the same time, the experience was taken in the form of a statement of fact itself, without a proper critical assessment of how borrowing someone else’s, often already dying, would affect the fate of domestic fisheries, the well-being of the country’s inhabitants, the economy as a whole and, most importantly, the health of aquatic ecosystems. 

The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual approach to ensuring the risk protection of enterprises of the Northern Fishing Basin within the framework of a cluster association. The fishing cluster of the Murmansk region during the period of sanctions pressure on Russian business structures can ensure their competitiveness and innovative development through the use of spatial integration within the framework of production activities, which will generally lead to an increase in the economic efficiency of the fishing industry in the region. The creation of a fishing cluster in the Northern Fishing Basin will ensure the economic stability of the regional economy of  the primorsky region through the formation of adaptive business models in the fishing industry, capable of spreading to other regions.

The chosen research topic is very relevant, since the period of sanctions pressure on Russian business structures within the fishing industry can lead to a complication of effective offshore activities. It is for this reason that it is necessary to propose economic management mechanisms that allow for changes in previously established rules and approaches to doing business.

The practical implementation of the proposed concept will contribute to improving the efficiency of  the regional economy of the Murmansk region as a bright representative of the primorsky regions of the Russian Federation.

Various scientific approaches, such as systemic, complex, situational and targeted, were used in the study.

The article presents the results of research on the industrial development of Japanese kelp and gray and black sea urchins in the Primorye subzone: the dynamics of changes in the volumes of ODE and catch, the dynamics of the on-site number of users, the average annual distribution of users by objects and production volumes, by established and distributed types of quotas from 2020 to 2023.

The article assessed the species composition, abundance and size-weight indicators of  juveniles in the coastal zone of the Volzhsko-Sviyazhsky region of the Kuibyshev Reservoir in september 2021-2023. Among the juveniles, the young of the current year fishes of 24 species were identified. The quantitative indicators of the young of the current year fishes differed significantly in different years, which is due to the conditions of reproduction. The conditions for the growth of  juveniles were assessed based on size and weight indicators. Since the first decade of the current century, the species diversity of young-of-the-year fish has increased due to southern invaders and local species that spawn in late spring and early summer. This, together with the higher size and weight indicators of juvenile fish of the current year, allows us to assume the influence of the climatic factor on the parameters of juvenile fish in the coastal zone in the autumn.

The trends of recent years show that aquaculture products have already outstripped the products of industrial fisheries. The situation is understandable – the growing population of the Earth requires the production and consumption of more and more different types of food. And here fish products and seafood play an important role as sources of animal protein necessary for a full life of every person.  FAO forecasts an increase in aquaculture production to 201 million tons by 2030, with most of the increase coming from developing countries.

The article deals with the state of domestic sturgeon farming in general and commercial sturgeon farming in particular. The activity of the BIOS Centre, its role and significance in the establishment and development of commercial sturgeon farming in the country are covered in detail. The stages of formation of the enterprise itself in the development of material and technical base, improvement of personnel and scientific and production activities are described. It is shown that the Centre actually became the only enterprise in Russia that united powerful production and scientific potentials in the field of sturgeon breeding, and also gained international fame. The article contains data on the current state of the scientific-experimental aquaculture complex after the BIOS Centre became a part of the CaspNIRKh, shows its activities in the field of molecular genetic research and its contribution to the conservation and restoration of natural resources of sturgeon fish in the Volga-Caspian basin. In conclusion, materials on the organisation and holding of the exhibition complex organised by the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve in honour of the thirtieth anniversary of the BIOS Centre are presented.

Since 2023, Sakhalin State University, with the support of the Priority 2030 Development Program, has been implementing the project “Development of criteria for determining the viability of juvenile salmon”, calculated until 2025. Within the framework of the project, physiological and biochemical, histological, hematological studies are carried out, as well as an assessment of the trace element composition of juvenile chum salmon produced from salmon hatcheries in the Sakhalin region. Based on the results of the research, a set of methods will be proposed to assess the effectiveness of using and improving the formulations of domestic compound feeds for juvenile Pacific salmon.

The population dynamics of the Baikal omul in the Posolsky Sor is determined by its artificial breeding at Bolsherechensk fish breeding plant (BRZ). Currently, the BRZ activity is an example of efficient pasture fish farming of the Baikal omul and whitefish in general. The BRZ output is 1.25 billion pieces of caviar. However, the recommended stocking volume of fish of the adjacent Posolsky Sor was 0.5 billion larvae. In 2003-2007, over 0.7 billion larvae were released, resulting in a significant decrease in the stock of the Baikal omul in this population. After analyzing our own materials on zooplankton production and reviewing literature data on larval diets, we obtained a curve of the receiving capacity of the Posolsky Sor. The curve reflects a decrease in receiving capacity as larvae grow and diets increase. According to the study results, the optimal volume of artificial breeding is between 0.2-0.3 billion larvae.

The issues of microbiocenosis formation in a model closed-cycle installation (RAS) with sturgeon fish are considered. Data on sanitary indicator microorganisms in the fish tank and biofilter are presented. Microorganisms involved in the process of water purification from nitrogenous metabolites of fish are considered. It has been shown that in RAS without the use of disinfecting technological units (UV lamps, ozonizers), a microbiome develops, forming the sanitary characteristics of water and bacterioplankton participating in the nitrogen cycle. It was revealed that in different layers of the biofilter the representation of microorganisms is different: the highest value is in the surface layer of the biofilter, where the organic matter filtered by the load is collected under conditions of good aeration. A similar picture was observed in saprophytic and coliform bacteria. It is noteworthy that if in natural waters saprophytic bacteria make up 0.01-0.1% of the total number of bacteria, then under RAS conditions these ratios are 76.9-89.5%. Ammonifiers, which begin the process of decomposition of metabolites and organic contaminants, were intensively represented in the surface layer of the biofilter, in the active mixing zone of the middle part of the biofilter – the zones of greatest aeration. The observed pattern of distribution of nitrifiers was leveled, their number did not exceed 2.6 thousand CFU/ml.

The results of the assessment of the genetic diversity of the herd of the Sarboy breed of carp bred in the fish farm "ECO-PARK" in the Moshkovsky district of the Novosibirsk region, based on the results of genotyping of 14 SSR loci, are presented. The microsatellite analysis showed that the Sarboyan carp breed has a high intra-breed genetic diversity. 315 alleles were found in 14 microsatellite loci studied. The range of effective alleles (Ne) at the loci ranged from 3,866 to 14,754. Such a wide variability of alleles makes it possible to effectively carry out genetic certification and identification of the Sarboyan carp breed. The Shannon index (I) for 14 SSR loci has a value of 2.298, which means that the studied herd of fish has an average complexity of structure. The lowest value of expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.741 at the Mfw 28 locus, and the highest value of 0.932 was observed at the Mfw 1 locus and 0.920 at the Mfw 9 locus. The high value of the expected heterozygosity (He) indicates the high resolution of the marker to the Mfw 1 and Mfw 9 loci.

Scientifically based technical solutions are proposed to increase the efficiency of sampling crab trap rows using wedge-shaped disks. Modeling of extraction processes and stresses in the mainlines with different diameters and design features of the mainline extraction winches was carried out, where it was shown that the modern foreign-made winches used do not take into account the working conditions in the economic zone of Russia. The wear process of a crab-type backbone is described. Recommendations are substantiated for the modernization of line extraction winches by increasing the diameter of the wedge-shaped disk and moving the guide rollers with a cutter, which speeds up the extraction process and reduces line line wear, as well as using four-strand line lines, which will reduce line line wear by an additional 18%.

The article shows the importance of developing and updating standards for fish products, including invertebrates, in ensuring the safety and quality of food. The features of the processed raw materials are analyzed, modern requirements for the quality and safety of frozen scallop fillets are determined. Particular attention is paid to the need to control phycotoxins in finished products from scallops.

The updated interstate standard GOST 30314 "Frozen scallop fillets. Specifications" will be used as an evidence base for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union.

This article aims to analyze the documents on standardization and other relevant papers that are developed to identify products made of marine biological resources. The studies have revealed that some documents and papers can be difficult to apply for the above-mentioned purpose. They are as follows: the All-Russian Classifier of products by types of economic activity, the Unified Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activities, available classifiers for fish farming, the Register of assortment markings of canned food, preserves, and fish products made of fish and non-fish objects, Reference book of commodity codes for the sectoral monitoring system, available interstate standards for terms and definitions, as well as distribution chains of products from wild and farmed fish. As a solution to this issue, it was suggested to replace a document-oriented model of standardization with a requirement-oriented model, when, instead of a whole document, a requirement for a product, its individual and particular characteristics, standard and classification, would be an independent data item.