Actual problems of planktonology, their detailed consideration and indepth analysis at the modern scientific level are of great importance both for fundamental research and for generalizations in the field of aquatic ecology, and for solving the most important tasks of applied hydrobiology, fisheries and environmental protection. In this regard, in September 2022, scientists from Kaliningrad gathered domestic and foreign planktonologists for the fourth time on the Baltic coast to participate in the scientific forum "Actual problems of planktonology". The most striking results and the latest achievements were presented at the forum in the field of studying species richness, functional diversity, systematics, distribution features and specifics of trophic relationships of planktonic invertebrates and algoflora. Special attention was paid to harmful phytoplankton blooms and the disclosure of ecological, physico-chemical and molecular-cellular mechanisms of these dangerous phenomena, as well as the importance of planktonic organisms in bioindication, the role of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems and anthropogenic impact on populations and communities of planktonic organisms.

   The authors discuss the state of the current krill fishery (2010 to 2022). Current trends in the development of the krill fishery in the CCAMLR Convention Area are analysed, including the spatial and temporal dynamics of the krill catch, the characteristics of the vessels participating in the krill fishery, the performance of the fishery, taking into account the trawl fishing technology (daily catch, number of days in the fishery, vessel processing of krill). Prospects for the resumption of the Russian krill fishery are being discussed, focusing on priority areas for the development and use of krill resources.

   Porzel A.K. Svalbard: politics, economics, society (XX century – early XXI century). - Murmansk: Publishing House of MSTU, 2022. – 272 pp., ill.

   The article presents a comparative analysis of the views of graduates and their potential employers in the form of professional goals, professional positions and professional qualities, which made it possible to detect the areas of the greatest correspondence and divergence of these views.

   Petrosyan B.C., Shuvalova E.A. Chemistry and toxicology of the environment. (Reviewers: Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.V. Lunin; Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences N.P. Tarasova). Moscow, Publishing House LLC "Buki Vedi", 2017. - 640 p. ISBN 978-5-4465-1520-2

   The structure of the fleet in 1980 and 1990 is shown, which was formed in the Soviet era to ensure the maximum possible catch. The changes observed during the formation of the fishing fleet in the period of transition to the market are given. In the decade 2000-2010 the main changes in the formation of the size and structure of the fleet occurred under the influence of the new state procedure for allowing fishermen to exploit bioresources. The advantages and disadvantages of updating the strength and structure of the fleet through the system of "quotas for the keel" are given. Suggestions
for improving the efficiency of bioresources exploitation are given.

   The article considers the prospects for legal forms of cooperation between the Russian Federation and regional fisheries management organizations and regional fishery bodies established under the auspices of the FAO. The main differences in the legal status of such regional organizations and bodies are analyzed in detail. Proposals for the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and some regional fishery organizations and bodies have been formulated.

   Among the extraction of aquatic biological resources in the Far East and in Russia as a whole, Pacific salmon occupy the second place in the total catch of fish. A feature of the physiology of Pacific salmon is pronounced transformations during the period of putina, namely, changes in color, body shape, head, jaw curvature and tooth enlargement, different mass indicators of fish and the chemical composition of muscle tissue. In this regard, a differentiated approach is needed when developing standard-setting indicators for verifying Pacific salmon catches. The conducted studies allowed us to determine the norm-forming indicators in the production of frozen fish from pink salmon and chum salmon from different production areas, depending on their biological state.

   The data collected by the authors over the course of the scientific observations conducted as a part of CCALMR program for the Antarctic Peninsula in the Bransfield Strait fishing areas in March-June, 2017, have shown a discrete nature of exploitable krill aggregations. In March, fishing operations were conducted in the eastern part of the Strait, and in June, in the western one. During those months, a SST decrease from –1.7 °С to –2.1 °С at 35.00% salinity has been recorded for the Weddell Sea waters. In May-June, the SST of the Bellingshausen Sea waters was minus 0.3–minus 0.5 °С. In terms of its length composition, the krill was represented by juveniles the Weddell Sea waters and by medium-sized and large individuals in the Bellingshausen Sea waters. Qualitatively different genesis of the waters affected catches per unit effort, which values in the Bellingshausen Sea waters (9.95 t/hour) were higher than in the Weddell Sea waters (7.0-8.4 t/hour). Frequent change in zonal wind direction has an adverse effect on the krill fishing consistency and its catches.

   The use of MagadanNIRO small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is considered when taking into account the spawning grounds of Pacific herring in the Olskaya lagoon of the Tauiskaya Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk. The effectiveness of the UAV operation on spawning grounds located within the accessibility of vehicles and in favorable weather conditions is evaluated.

   The characteristics of the size-mass, sex and age composition of the Yakut crucian carp in Lake Churapcha in 2020 and 2021 are given. Comparison of some biological characteristics with the literature of previous years showed a difference. The results can be used to monitor the condition of the Yakut crucian carp lake Churapcha.

   Purpose: to develop a technical justification of fish protection structures arranged as part of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex on the Don River.

   Materials and methods. The research was based on data on fish science, topographic, hydraulic and technological conditions of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex. The methods of scientific analysis and technology of search design were used in the development of fish and security structures of the hydroelectric power plant.

   Results and discussion. The composition, type, location and parameters of the fish protection facilities of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex have been established. A continuous fish-passing lock provides up to 16-20 cycles of attracting, accumulating and locking fish per day. The fish-spawning channel provides for the passage of fish with different swimming ability. Conditions for recreation and spawning of rheophilic and lithophilic fish species are formed in its tract, and phytophiles spawn in the ponds of the tract.

   Conclusions. 1. Taking into account the fish-breeding significance and responsibility of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex, its technical solution provides for the creation of conditions for the passage and spawning of fish. 2. The adopted technical solutions for the construction of a hydroelectric power plant, a fish-passing gateway, a fish-spawning channel and spawning ponds meet modern fish-breeding requirements and provide conditions for the natural reproduction of fish.

   The analysis of the most common questions of business entities in connection with the practice of applying the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated December 23, 2020 No. 782 "On Approval of the Veterinary Rules for Rearing Fish and Other Aquatic Animals in an Artificially Created Habitat for the Purpose of Breeding, Growing, Sales and Acclimatization". Explanations on the terminology used in the order and clarifications on the interpretation of individual requirements are given. Differences in requirements for pond, pasture and industrial aquaculture are considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to explanations of the requirements for the placement of producing technological centers, as well as a number of new requirements for quarantine and other preventive measures when rearing aquaculture objects in fish farms.

   The paper considers the combined effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ultrasonic cavitation (ultrasonic) as part of ultrasonic filtration systems on representatives of saprophytic and conditionally pathogenic microflora of water. Ultrasound examination (25 kHz) is a promising method of purification in aquaculture due to the possibility of inactivation of microorganisms in agglomerates that are not exposed to UV. As a result of the study of the cultivated microflora, it was found that ultraviolet radiation and the combined effect of UV and ULTRASOUND have a significant effect on the quantity and quality of saprophytic microflora of water. It is shown that the studied modes of operation led to a significant decrease (at p <0.05) in the occurrence of the genus Escherchia relative to the control (without exposure to ultrasound and UV). The total contamination of UV water decreased to 1.2 × 102 CFU/ml with UV operation and to 1.1 × 102 CFU/ml with the combined action of UV and ultrasound. The UV sterilizer showed low efficiency in relation to Enterobacter cloacae, while the combined effect of UV and ultrasound led to a significant decrease in CFU to 0.94 ± 0.05 Log10.

   The system of computer-aided design of industrial fishing gear (CAD-FG), developed by the small innovative enterprise Digital Technologies Laboratory LLC with the support of FASIE, is an import-substituting product for manufacturers and designers of bottom and mid-water trawls. At the present stage of trawl operation, the use of CAD-FG on fishing vessels will ensure the correct setting of the trawl system (trawl doors, hydrodynamic shield, loading chain, etc.) for efficient operation of the trawl. The CAD-FG system allows you to save drawings of trawls in electronic format, which creates a database necessary for analyzing designs and transferring drawings to the relevant departments and divisions. An integral part of the competencies of highly qualified personnel is their ability to work with the CAD-FG software, with which it is possible to develop drawings of bottom and mid-water trawls, as well as to model their operation processes in 3D.

   The article provides a description of the complex pneumatic fish protection structure (FCS) of the pumping station No. 1 of the Karmanovskaya GRES. Estimated design flow rate of NS No. 1 of water intake is 44 m³/s. The RGU includes an impenetrable screen in the form of a zapan, covering the surface two-meter layer of the water intake flow and a pneumatic (water-air) curtain that provides protection for fish fry of various sizes living in the thickness, surface and bottom layers of the reservoir. Ichthyological studies conducted by the Tatar branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "VNIRO" showed that the complex pneumatic fish protection structure protects juvenile fish living in the reservoir with an average efficiency of 86.51 %, which exceeds the regulatory requirements of 70 % of the current SP 101.13330.2012 (updated edition of SNiP 2.06.07 -87 "Retaining walls, shipping locks, fish passage and fish protection structures" (as amended No. 1)).

   The purpose of the work is to substantiate the method of determining collagen in food products.

   The paper substantiates the ratio of the sample mass and distilled water during the removal of gluten, the temperature of the removal of gluten, the duration of the removal of gluten, tested the developed method for determining collagen by assessing the collagen content in samples of small-mouthed sea smelt. Theoretical, physico-chemical, spectrometric and mathematical research methods were used in the work.

   Standardization, being an important element of the technical regulation system, acts as a tool for ensuring the safety and quality of food products, regulating safety indicators and basic technical requirements for the product. The analysis of the current interstate and national standards for canned shrimp, as well as the Codex Standard for canned shrimp CXS 37 - 1991 was carried out. Modern requirements for canned shrimp in terms of organoleptic, physical, chemical and safety indicators were determined. As a result, implementing the "regulatory guillotine" for documents that establish mandatory requirements for products, a single document on standardization for canned shrimp at the interstate level has been developed.

   The article presents the results of research on the development of the recipe of the flour product «Rye crispbreads enriched with iodine». The manufacturing technology is proposed and the culinary recipe is developed, ensuring the achievement of the best organoleptic properties. When optimizing the recipe of the product, computer-aided design method (fuzzy logic) was used (via MatLab software package). As an additive for enrichment of the new products with iodine, a commercial product (dried food kelp in the form of a powder with a particle size of less than 200 microns produced by AAF LLC / Arkhangelsk Algae Factory, Arkhangelsk, Russia) was used. The experimentally established iodine content in dried kelp was 0.40 ± 0.02 % in terms of dry matter. Considering this, the amount of the ingredient that was added to the product was calculated in order to ensure that the final content rate is at least 15 % (of the physiological consumption rate) and no more than the maximum daily consumption of 600 micrograms specified in the Methodological Recommendations MP 2.3.1.0253-2021 «Physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation».